Условия возникновения негативного прайминг-эффекта

Дарья Игоревна Костина

doi:10.21638/11701/spbu16.2017.104

Authors

Дарья Игоревна Костина St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu16.2017.104

Abstract

As it has been demonstrated in a series of studies, the negative priming effect (NP) that shows itself in slowdown of the reaction to a target stimulus could be observed after presenting an identical or related prime. The same conditions however are typical for the manifestation of the positive priming effect. The NP manifestation depends on a number of factors, and many of those which are necessary for the NP occurrence in one circumstance lose their value in another. We propose that the number of contradictions could be explained if we assume that independent processes lie in the basis of the negative and positive priming and jointly affect the reaction time.

Keywords:

priming effects, the negative priming

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References

Литература

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Neill W.T. Inhibitory and facilitatory processes in selective attention // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 1977. Vol. 3, N 3. P. 444–450.

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Rothermund K., Wentura D., De Houwer J. Retrieval of incidental stimulus-response associations as a source of negative priming // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2005. Vol. 31, N 3. P. 482–495.

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Chao H.F., Yeh Y.Y. Controlled processing in single-prime negative priming // Experimental psychology. 2008. Vol. 55, N 6. Р. 402–408.

Malley G.B., Strayer D.L. Effect of stimulus repetition on positive and negative identity priming // Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. 1995. Vol. 57, N 5. Р. 657–667.

Strayer D.L., Grison S. Negative identity priming is contingent on stimulus repetition // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 1999. Vol. 25, N 1. Р. 24–38.

DeSchepper B., Treisman A. Visual memory for novel shapes: implicit coding without attention // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 1996. Vol. 22, N 1. Р. 27–47.

Leboe J., Milliken B. Single‐prime negative priming in the shape‐matching task: Implications for the role of perceptual segmentation processes // Visual cognition. 2004. Vol. 11, N 5. Р. 603–630.

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Lavie N., Fox E. The role of perceptual load in negative priming // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 2000. Vol. 26, N 3. Р. 1038–1052.

Raz A., Campbell N.K.J. Can suggestion obviate reading? Supplementing primary Stroop evidence with exploratory negative priming analyses // Consciousness and cognition. 2011. Vol. 20, N 2. Р. 312–320.

Richards A. The effects of cueing target location and response mode on interference and negative priming using a visual selection paradigm // The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A. 1999. Vol. 52, N 2. Р. 449–463.

Paquet L. Eliminating flanker effects and negative priming in the flankers task: Evidence for early selection // Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2001. Vol. 8, N 2. Р. 301–306.

de Fockert J.W., Mizon G.A., D’ubaldo M. No negative priming without cognitive control // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 2010. Vol. 36, N 6. Р. 1333–1341.

Response-retrieval in identity negative priming is modulated by temporal discriminability / Mittner M., Behrendt J., Menge U., Titz C., Hasselhorn M. // Frontiers in psychology. 2014. Vol. 5. 621. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00621.

Response-retrieval and negative priming / Ihrke M., Behrendt J., Schrobsdorff H., Herrmann J.M., Hasselhorn M. // Experimental psychology. 2011. Vol. 58. Р. 154–161.

Negative priming persists in the absence of response-retrieval / Ihrke M., Behrendt J., Schrobsdorff H., Visser I., Hasselhorn M. // Experimental psychology. 2013. Vol. 60. P. 12–21.

Frings C., Wentura D. Separating context and trial-by-trial effects in the negative priming paradigm // European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2008. Vol. 20, N 2. P. 195–210.

Fox E. Negative priming from ignored distractors in visual selection: A review // Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 1995. Vol. 2, N 2. Р. 145–173.

Neill W.T., Kahan T.A. Response conflict reverses priming: A replication // Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 1999. Vol. 6, N 2. С. 304–308.

Bodner G.E., Masson M.E.J. Prime validity affects masked repetition priming: Evidence for an episodic resource account of priming // Journal of Memory and Language. 2001. Vol. 45, N 4. P. 616–647.

Leboe J.P., Leboe L.C., Milliken B. Another look at the effect of a surprising intervening event on negative priming // Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology. 2003. Vol. 57, N 2. Р. 115–124.

Dagenbach D., Carr T.H., Wilhelmsen A.L. Task-induced strategies and near-threshold priming: Conscious influences on unconscious perception // Journal of Memory and Language. 1989. Vol. 28, N 4. P. 412–443.

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Frings C., Schneider K.K., Fox E. The negative priming paradigm: An update and implications for selective attention. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2015, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1577–1597.

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Milliken B., Joordens S., Merikle P.M., Seiffert A.E. Selective attention: A reevaluation of the implications of negative priming. Psychological review, 1998, vol. 105, no. 2, pp. 203–229.

Neill W.T. Inhibitory and facilitatory processes in selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1977, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 444–450.

Neill W.T., Valdes L.A. Persistence of negative priming: Steady state or decay? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1992, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 565–575.

Rothermund K., Wentura D., De Houwer J. Retrieval of incidental stimulus-response associations as a source of negative priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2005, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 482–495.

Chao H.F. Locus of single-prime negative priming: The role of perceptual form. Acta psychological, 2013, vol. 143, no. 3, pp. 303–309.

Fox E. Interference and negative priming from ignored distractors: The role of selection difficulty. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 1994, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 565–574.

Neill W.T., Westberry R.L. Selective attention and the suppression of cognitive noise. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1987, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 327–334.

Neumann E., Deschepper B.G. An inhibition-based fan effect: Evidence for an active suppression mechanism in selective attention. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1992, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 1–40.

Lowe D.G. Further investigations of inhibitory mechanisms in attention. Memory & Cognition, 1985, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 74–80.

Tipper S.P., Cranston M. Selective attention and priming: Inhibitory and facilitatory effects of ignored primes. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1985, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 591–611.

Moore C.M. Negative priming depends on probe-trial conflict: Where has all the inhibition gone? Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 1994, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 133–147.

D’Angelo M.C., Milliken B. Context-specific control in the single-prime negative-priming procedure. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2012, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 887–910.

Frings C., Wentura D. Strategy effects counteract distractor inhibition: Negative priming with constantly absent probe distractors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2006, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 854–864.

Frings C., Spence C. Increased perceptual and conceptual processing difficulty makes the immeasurable measurable: Negative priming in the absence of probe distractors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 72–84.

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Conway A.R., Tuholski S.W., Shisler R.J., Engle R.W. The effect of memory load on negative priming: An individual differences investigation. Memory & Cognition, 1999, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1042–1050.

Chao H.F., Yeh Y.Y. Controlled processing in single-prime negative priming. Experimental psychology, 2008, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 402–408.

Malley G.B., Strayer D.L. Effect of stimulus repetition on positive and negative identity priming. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 1995, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 657–667.

Strayer D.L., Grison S. Negative identity priming is contingent on stimulus repetition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1999, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 24–38.

DeSchepper B., Treisman A. Visual memory for novel shapes: implicit coding without attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1996, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 27–47.

Leboe J., Milliken B. Single-prime negative priming in the shape-matching task: Implications for the role of perceptual segmentation processes. Visual cognition, 2004, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 603–630.

Wong K.F.E. Negative Priming Under Rapid Serial Visual Presentation. PloS one, 2012, vol. 7, no. 5. e37023.

Lavie N., Fox E. The role of perceptual load in negative priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2000, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1038–1052.

Raz A., Campbell N.K.J. Can suggestion obviate reading? Supplementing primary Stroop evidence with exploratory negative priming analyses. Consciousness and cognition, 2011, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 312–320.

Richards A. The effects of cueing target location and response mode on interference and negative priming using a visual selection paradigm. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A, 1999, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 449–463.

Paquet L. Eliminating flanker effects and negative priming in the flankers task: Evidence for early selection. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2001, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 301–306.

de Fockert J.W., Mizon G.A., D’ubaldo M. No negative priming without cognitive control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1333–1341.

Mittner M., Behrendt J., Menge U., Titz C., Hasselhorn M. Response-retrieval in identity negative priming is modulated by temporal discriminability. Frontiers in psychology, 2014, vol. 5. 621. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2014.00621.

Ihrke M., Behrendt J., Schrobsdorff H., Herrmann J.M., Hasselhorn M. Response-retrieval and negative priming. Experimental psychology, 2011, vol. 58, pp. 154–161.

Ihrke M., Behrendt J., Schrobsdorff H., Visser I., Hasselhorn M. Negative priming persists in the absence of response-retrieval. Experimental psychology, 2013, vol. 60, pp. 12–21.

Frings C., Wentura D. Separating context and trial-by-trial effects in the negative priming paradigm. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 2008, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 195–210.

Fox E. Negative priming from ignored distractors in visual selection: A review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1995, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 145–173.

Neill W.T., Kahan T.A. Response conflict reverses priming: A replication. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1999, vol. 6, no. 2. С. 304–308.

Bodner G.E., Masson M.E.J. Prime validity affects masked repetition priming: Evidence for an episodic resource account of priming. Journal of Memory and Language, 2001, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 616–647.

Leboe J.P., Leboe L.C., Milliken B. Another look at the effect of a surprising intervening event on negative priming. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2003, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 115–124.

Dagenbach D., Carr T.H., Wilhelmsen A.L. Task-induced strategies and near-threshold priming: Conscious influences on unconscious perception. Journal of Memory and Language, 1989, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 412–443.