Научные основы ранней помощи детям младенческого и раннего возраста и их семьям
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.401Аннотация
Принятие Концепции развития ранней помощи (раннего вмешательства) в Российской Федерации, внесение ранней помощи детям и их семьям в федеральный закон и распространение в регионах страны предполагает знакомство профессионального сообщества с ее междисциплинарной научной основой. Настоящая работа направлена на анализ и обобщение данных литературы и представление в единой статье базовых концепций и, по возможности, ранних пионерских работ, послуживших основанием для формирования раннего вмешательства как новой области междисциплинарной практической, научной и образовательной деятельности. Результаты работы свидетельствуют, что в период, предшествовавший появлению раннего вмешательства, и во время его становления в 1980–1990-х гг., международным профессиональным сообществом были выполнены исследования в самых различных областях изучения младенцев и детей раннего возраста. Новые на то время научные данные и теоретические обобщения были получены в области детского психоанализа и психиатрии, педиатрии, психологии развития, нейробиологии, последствий ранней депривации, изучения результативности и экономической эффективности программ раннего детства. Опубликованная в научных изданиях информация была во многом революционной, меняющей представления как о способностях младенцев и закономерностях их раннего становления, так и о программах и методах профессиональной работы. Исследования основанных на научных данных программ вмешательства в области раннего детства показали их результативность и экономическую эффективность. Повышение результативности ранней помощи детям и их семьям в регионах Российской Федерации требует использования полученной в исследованиях научной информации во многих направлениях ее развития: в виде методологической и эмпирической научной основы программ и методов работы с детьми и семьями, при разработке нормативно-правовых и методических документов, в программах образования и повышения квалификации, в исследовательских проектах.
Ключевые слова:
дети, младенческий и ранний возраст, семьи, ранняя помощь, научные основы
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Библиографические ссылки
Литература
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Radley J. J, Sisti H. M, Hao J., Rocher A. B., McCall T., Hof P. R., McEwen B. S., Morrison J. H. Chronic behavioral stress induces apical dendritic reorganization in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex // Neuroscience. 2004. Vol. 125. P. 1–6.
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Stern D. N. The first relationship: infant and mother. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.
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The St. Petersburg — USA Orphanage Research Team. The effects of early social emotional and relationship experience on the development of young orphanage children // Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 2008. Vol. 73, no. 3. P. 1–262.
Thompson R. A., Nelson C. A. Developmental science and the media: Early brain development // American Psychologist. 2001. Vol. 56, no. 1. P. 5–15.
Winnicott D. W. The theory of the parent-infant relationship // International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 1960. No. 41. P. 585–595.
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Опубликован
21.02.2025
Как цитировать
Мухамедрахимов, Р. (2025). Научные основы ранней помощи детям младенческого и раннего возраста и их семьям. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Психология, 14(4), 571–587. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.401
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Теоретико-методологические проблемы психологии
Лицензия
Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Психология» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
