Опыт переживания трансгендерного перехода

Gennady Rodionov; Elena Zinovyeva

doi:10.21638/spbu16.2023.206

Authors

Gennady Rodionov St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-025X
Elena Zinovyeva St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.206

Abstract

An attempt has been made to study the experiences of transgender people in the conditions of their living in a critical life situation (transgender transition). The study included conducting and analyzing a semi-structured interview, as well as collecting and analyzing quantitative data using an author’s questionnaire compiled on the basis of content analysis of interview texts. 10 transgender people (average age 21.2 years) took part in the interview, 285 transgender a Author for correspondence. Вестник СПбГУ. Психология. 2023. Т. 13. Вып. 2 227 people (average age 21.21 years) took part in the survey. The analysis of the phenomenology of experiences and subsequent verification by mathematical methods (hierarchical clustering and the Mann — Whitney U criterion for independent samples) made it possible to identify and describe two types of experiences of transgender people: “open to self-search” (81 people) and “avoidant” (204 people). “Open to self-search” transgender people more often gave high marks to positive states and emotions about transgender transition, noted the experience of community with transgender people. In the process of transgender transition, new meanings were produced: cognition, acceptance and self-development; life planning and the importance of building future goals; professional development. Family, partner and friendly support were assessed by them as positive or favorable social factors. “Avoidant” transgender people more often noted negative states and emotions about transgender transition, and avoidance of communication with people. They note the experiences associated with doubts and assessment of the correctness of the transgender transition, with excitement about the reactions of people around them to transgender status, with a feeling of loneliness among cisgender people. The negative attitude of the family, loved ones and others, as well as discrimination in public places were considered as interfering with the transgender transition and life in general. This study serves as an attempt to phenomenologically describe the experiences of transgender people accompanying a transgender transition, as well as to identify differences in them

Keywords:

transgender people, transgender transition, experience, critical life situation

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Литература

Асмолов А. Г. Психология современности: вызовы неопределенности, сложности и разнообразия // Психологические исследования. 2015. № 8 (40). С. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v8i40.550

Василюк Ф. Е. Психология переживания (анализ преодоления критических ситуаций). М.: Изд-во МГУ, 1984.

Гришина Н. В. Жизненное событие: сила обстоятельств и авторство личности // Вестник Московского государственного областного университета. 2020. № 4. С. 164–182.

Гришина Н. В. Психология конфликта. СПб.: Питер, 2008.

Леонтьев Д. А. Психология смысла: природа, строение и динамика смысловой реальности. М.: Смысл, 2003.

Лэнгле А. Что движет человеком? Экзистенциально-аналитическая теория эмоций. М.: Генезис, 2006.

Марцинковская Т. Д. Переживание как механизм социализации и формирования идентичности в современном меняющемся мире // Психологические исследования. 2009. № 2 (5). https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v2i5.983

Рубинштейн С. Л. Основы общей психологии: в 2 т. Т. II. М.: Педагогика, 1989.

Bouman W. P., Claes L., Brewin N., Crawford J. R., Millet N., Fernandez-Aranda F., Arcelus J. Transgender and anxiety: A comparative study between transgender people and the general population // International Journal of Transgenderism. 2017. Vol. 18 (1). P. 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1258352

Calzo J. P., Blashill A. J., Brown T. A., Argenal R. L. Eating disorders and disordered weight and shape control behaviors in sexual minority populations // Current Psychiatry Reports. 2017. Vol. 19 (8). P. 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0801-y

Cooper K., Russell A., Mandy W., Butler C. The phenomenology of gender dysphoria in adults: A systematic review and meta-synthesis // Clinical Psychology Review. 2020. No. 80. P. 101875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101875

Hughto J. M. W., Reisner S. L., Pachankis J. E. Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions // Social Science & Medicine. 2015. Vol. 147. P. 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.010

Koehler A., Eysse J., Nieder T. O. Genders and individual treatment progress in (non-)binary trans individuals // Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2018. No. 15 (1). P. 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.007

Lancaster B. L., Palframan J. T. Coping with major life events: The role of spirituality and self-trans-formation // Mental Health, Religion and Culture. 2009. Vol. 12 (3). P. 257–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670802500684

Nieder T. O., Eyssel J., Köhler A. Being trans without medical transition: Exploring characteristics of trans individuals from Germany not seeking gender-affirmative medical interventions // Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2020. No. 49. P. 2661–2672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01559-z

Nourkova V. V., Ivanova A. A. Autobiographical memory in transsexual individuals who have undergone genderaffirming surgery: Vivid, self-focused, but not so happy childhood memories // Psychology in Russia. 2017. Vol. 10 (2). P. 42–62. https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2017.0204

Pope C., Ziebland S., Mays N. Analysing qualitative data // BMJ. 2000. Vol. 320 (7227). P. 114–116. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7227.114

Stutterheim S. E., Ratcliffe S. E. Understanding and addressing stigma through qualitative research: Four reasons why we need qualitative studies // Stigma and Health. 2021. Vol. 6 (1). P. 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000283

Tan K. K. H., Treharne G. J., Ellis S. J., Schmidt J. M., Veale J. F. Gender minority stress: A critical review // Journal of Homosexuality. 2019. Vol. 67. Iss. 10. P. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2019.1591789

Valentine S. E., Shipherd J. C. A systematic review of social stress and mental health among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the United States // Clinical Psychology Review. 2018. Vol. 66. P. 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.003

References

Asmolov, A. G. (2015). Psychology of modernity: the challenges of uncertainty, complexity and diversity. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniia, 8 (40), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v8i40.550 (In Russian)

Bouman, W. P., Claes, L., Brewin, N., Crawford, J. R., Millet, N., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Arcelus, J. (2017). Transgender and anxiety: A comparative study between transgender people and the general population. International Journal of Transgenderism, 18 (1), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1258352

Calzo, J. P., Blashill, A. J., Brown, T. A., Argenal, R. L. (2017). Eating disorders and disordered weight and shape control behaviors in sexual minority populations. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19 (8), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0801-y

Cooper, K., Russell, A., Mandy, W., Butler, C. (2020). The phenomenology of gender dysphoria in adults: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. Clinical Psychology Review, 80, 101875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101875.

Grishina, N. V. (2008). Psychology of conflict. St Petersburg, Piter Publ. (In Russian)

Grishina, N. V. (2020). Life event: force of circumstances and authorship of personality. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta, 4, 164–182. (In Russian)

Hughto, J. M. W., Reisner, S. L., Pachankis, J. E. (2015). Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions. Social Science & Medicine, 147, 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.010

Koehler, A., Eyssel, J., Nieder, T. O. (2018). Genders and individual treatment progress in (non-)binary trans individuals. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15 (1), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.007

Lancaster, B. L., Palframan, J. T. (2009). Coping with major life events: The role of spirituality and self-transformation. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 12 (3), 257–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670802500684

Längle, A. (2006). What motivates a person? Existential-analytical theory of emotions. Moscow, Genezis Publ. (In Russian)

Leontyev, D. A. (2003). Psychology of meaning: the nature, structure and dynamics of semantic reality. Moscow, Smysl Publ. (In Russian)

Martsinkovskaya, T. D. (2009). Emotional experience (perezhivanie) as socialization and identity formation mechanism in modern changing world. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniia, 2 (5). https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v2i5.983 (In Russian)

Nieder, T. O., Eyssel, J., Kohler, A. (2020). Being trans without medical transition: Exploring characteristics of trans individuals from Germany not seeking gender-affirmative medical interventions. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49, 2661–2672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01559-z

Nourkova, V. V., Ivanova, A. A. (2017). Autobiographical memory in transsexual individuals who have undergone genderaffirming surgery: Vivid, self-focused, but not so happy childhood memories. Psychology in Russia, 10 (2), 42–62. https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2017.0204

Pope, C., Ziebland, S., Mays, N. (2000). Analysing qualitative data. BMJ, 320 (7227), 114–116. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7227.114

Rubinstein, S. L. (1989). Fundamentals of general psychology: in 2 vols. Vol. II. Moscow, Pedagogika Publ. (In Russian)

Stutterheim, S. E., Ratcliffe, S. E. (2021). Understanding and addressing stigma through qualitative research: Four reasons why we need qualitative studies. Stigma and Health, 6 (1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000283

Tan, K. K. H., Treharne, G. J., Ellis, S. J., Schmidt, J. M., Veale, J. F. (2019). Gender minority stress: A critical review. Journal of Homosexuality, 67, 10, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2019.1591789

Valentine, S. E., Shipherd, J. C. (2018). A systematic review of social stress and mental health among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the United States. Clinical Psychology Review, 66, 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.003

Vasilyuk, F. E. (1984). Psychology of experiencing. The resolution of life’s critical situations. Moscow, Moscow University Press. (In Russian)