Зарубежные теоретические модели изменения поведения в сфере профилактики социально значимых заболеваний

Авторы

  • Татьяна Валерьевна Красносельских Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова, Российская Федерация, 197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8
  • Алла Вадимовна Шаболтас Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Российская Федерация, 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu16.2017.305

Аннотация

Заражение социально значимыми заболеваниями, такими как инфекции, передаваемые половым путем, включая ВИЧ-инфекцию и гепатиты В и С, почти полностью детерминировано поведенческими факторами. Поэтому традиционный биомедицинский подход к профилактике указанных заболеваний целесообразно дополнить вмешательствами, направленными на коррекцию индивидуально-психологических и  поведенческих аспектов рискованного поведения. Наибольшая эффективность профилактических вмешательств достигается в том случае, если они базируются на общепризнанных научных концепциях коррекции поведения. Целью нашей работы было рассмотрение основных зарубежных теоретических концептуальных моделей изменения поведения, которые наиболее широко используются в  сфере общественного здравоохранения применительно к профилактике социально значимых инфекций. Представлены результаты анализа зарубежных публикаций, в которых описываются наиболее известные теоретические концепции коррекции поведения, связанного со здоровьем. Проведенный анализ литературы позволяет констатировать, что в настоящее время в мире разработано большое количество теоретических моделей, позволяющих с большой вероятностью объяснять, предсказывать и изменять поведение. Теоретическая концептуализация — неотъемлемый базис любого профилактического вмешательства, претендующего на эффективность. Большинство профилактических программ, направленных на снижение риска заражения ИППП и гемоконтактными инфекциями, которые в последние годы были проверены в рамках лонгитюдных клинических исследований и показали свою эффективность, базировались на рассмотренных авторами теориях. 

Ключевые слова:

теоретические модели, профилактика социально значимых заболеваний, изменение поведения

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Библиографические ссылки

Литература

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Grau L.E. et al. Cultural adaptation of an intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors among patients attending a STI clinic in St. Petersburg, Russia. Prevention Science, 2013, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 400–410.

Rhodes F., Wolitski R.J. Perceived effectiveness of fear appeals in AIDS education: relationship to ethnicity, gender, age, and group membership. AIDS Education and Prevention, 1990, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–11.

Rosenstock I.M. Why people use health services. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 1966, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 94–127.

Benotsch E.G. et al. A comparison of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes of STD clinic clients in St. Petersburg, Russia and Milwaukee, Wi, USA. Journal Community Health, 2004, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 451–465.

Takács J. et al. «Condoms are reliable but I am not»: a qualitative analysis of AIDS-related beliefs and attitudes of young heterosexual adults in Budapest, Hungary, and St. Petersburg, Russia. Central European journal of public health, 2006, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 59–66.

Benotsch E.G. et al. Drug use and sexual risk behaviours among female Russian IDUs who exchange sex for money or drugs. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 2004, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 343–347.

Janz N., Becker H.M. The Health Belief Model: a decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 1984, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–47.

Ajzen I. Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Chicago, IL: Dorsey Press, 1988. 175 p.

Jannis I.L., Mann L. Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice and commitment. New York, The Free Press, 1977. 512 р.

Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1986. 617 p.

Bandura A. Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1977. 247 p.

Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychology Review, 1977, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 191–215.

Meichenbaum D.Н. Examination of model characteristics in reducing avoidance behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1971, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 298–307.

Bandura A. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. Am Psychology, 1982, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 122– 147.

Bandura A. The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal Social Clinic Psychology, 1986, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 359–373.

Prochaska J.O., DiClemente C.C. Toward a comprehensive model of change. Treating addictive behaviors: process of change. Eds W.R.Miller, N.Heather. New York, Plenum Press, 1986, pp. 3–27.

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DiClemente C.C. et al. The process of smoking cessation: an analysis of precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1991, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 295–304.

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Kelly J.A. Changing HIV Risk behavior: practical strategies. New York, The Guilford Press, 1995. 159 p.

Kelly J.A., Kalichman S.C. Increased attention to human sexuality can improve HIV/AIDS prevention efforts: key research issues and directions. Journal of Consulting ang Clinical Psychology, 1995, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 907–918.

Kelly J.A. Popular opinion leaders and HIV prevention peer education: resolving discrepant findings, and implications for the development of effective community programmes. AIDS Care, 2004, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 139–150.

Ngugi E.N. et al. Focused peer mediated educational programs among female sex workers to reduce sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus transmission in Kenya and Zimbabwe. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1996, vol. 174, Suppl 2, pp. 240–247.

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Загрузки

Опубликован

27.10.2017

Как цитировать

Красносельских, Т. В., & Шаболтас, А. В. (2017). Зарубежные теоретические модели изменения поведения в сфере профилактики социально значимых заболеваний. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Психология, 7(3), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu16.2017.305

Выпуск

Раздел

Клиническая психология

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