Развитие привязанности у детей от одного года до четырех лет
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu16.2018.407Аннотация
Представлен обзор исследований, проведенных в области изучения привязанности у детей, в которых продемонстрирована взаимосвязь между качеством привязанности ребенка и характеристиками материнской чувствительности к его потребностям. Также рассмотрены теоретические подходы к оценке привязанности, которые представляют разную концептуализацию развития стратегий привязанности у детей, имевших опыт значительной нечувствительности со стороны матери в период младенчества. В связи с отсутствием работ, в которых изучались стабильность и изменение стратегий привязанности от младенческого к дошкольному возрасту у российских детей, целью исследования стало изучение развития системы привязанности у детей от одного года до четырех лет, а также описание факторов, влияющих на изменение характеристик привязанности. В исследовании приняли участие 27 пар «мать — ребенок». Дети были рождены в срок и не имели нарушений, связанных с генетическими и медицинскими факторами. Оценка привязанности проводилась при помощи метода «Незнакомая ситуация» в младенческом (средний возраст детей 13,3±1,6 месяцев) и дошкольном (средний возраст детей 32,1±9,6 месяцев) возрасте. Паттерны привязанности детей определялись с использованием критериев М.Эйнсворт и П.Криттенден экспертом, прошедшим обучение. В ходе исследования было выявлено, что у 22,2% детей к дошкольному возрасту паттерн привязанности изменился. Изменение паттерна привязанности оказалось связано с наличием признаков депрессии в младенческом возрасте и посещением детьми детского сада. Такие характеристики, как наличие сиблингов, другого заботящегося лица (няни, бабушки), посещение развивающих занятий или игровых групп, а также возраст дошкольников, оказались не связанными с изменением паттерна привязанности у детей в возрасте от года до четырех лет.
Ключевые слова:
привязанность, ранний возраст, дошкольный возраст, оценка привязанности
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Библиографические ссылки
Литература
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van IJzendorn M., van der Veer R., van Vliet-Visser S. Attachment three years later: Relationships between infant-mother attachment and emotional-cognitive development in kindergarten // Attachment in Social networks / eds L.Tavecchio, M. van Ijzendorn. Amsterdam: Elsiver, 1987. P. 185–224.
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Solomon J., George C. The measurement of attachment security and related constructs in infancy and early childhood // Handbook of attachment / eds J.Cassidy, P.R. Shaver. New York: The Gilford Press, 2008. P. 383–418.
Crittenden P.M. A dynamic-maturational model of attachment // Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy. 2006. Vol. 27. P. 105–115.
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Ainsworth M.D. S., Blehar M., Waters E., Wall S. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. New Jersey, Hillsdale, Erlbaum, 1978. 391 p.
Beebe B. et al. The origins of 12-month attachment: A microanalysis of 4-month mother-infant interaction. Attachment and Human Development, 2010, vol.12, no. 1, pp. 1–35.
Belsky J. International and contextual determinants of attachment security. Handbook of Attachment. Theory, research, clinical application. Eds J.Cassidy, Ph. Shaver. New York, The Gilford Press, 1999, pp. 249–264.
Belsky J., Fearon R.M.P. Precursors of attachment security. Handbook of attachment. Eds J.Cassidy, P.R. Shaver. New York, The Gilford Press, 2008, pp. 295–316.
Goldsmith H.H., Alansky J.A. Maternal and infant temperamental predictors of attachment: A metaanalytic review. Journal or Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1987, vol. 55, pp. 805–816.
Pauli-Pott U., Haverkock A., Pott W., Beckmann D. Negative emotionality, attachment quality, and behavior problems in early childhood. Infant Mental Health Journal, 2007, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 39–53.
Vaughn B., Bost K. Attachment and temperament: redundant, independent, or interacting influence on interpersonal adaptation and personality development? Handbook Attachment. Theory, research, clinical application. Eds J.Cassidy, Ph. Shaver. New York, The Gilford Press, 1999, pp. 198–225.
van IJzendorn M., van der Veer R., van Vliet-Visser S. Attachment three years later: Relationships between infant-mother attachment and emotional-cognitive development in kindergarten. Attachment in Social networks. Eds L.Tavecchio, M. van Ijzendorn. Amsterdam, Elsiver, 1987, pp. 185–224.
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Fraley R.C. Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood: Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of developmental mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2002, vol. 6, pp. 123–151.
Wartner U.G., Grossmann K., Fremmer-Bombik E., Suess G. Attachment patterns at age six in south Germany: Predictability from infancy and implications for preschool behavior. Child Development, 1994, vol. 65, pp. 1014–1027.
Spieker S., Crittenden P.M.Comparing two attachment classification methods applied to preschool strange situation. Clinical child psychology and psychiatry, 2009, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 97–120.
Sroufe L.A., Egeland B., Carlson E., Collins W.A. The Development of the Person: The Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation from Birth to Adulthood. New York, Guilford Publications, 2005. 411 p.
Thompson R.A., Raikes H.A. Toward the next quarter-century: Conceptual and methodological challenges for attachment theory. Development and Psychopathology, 2003, vol. 15, pp. 691–718.
Cassidy J., Marvin R. S., and the MacArthur Attachment Working Group. Attachment organization in preschool children: Procedures and coding manual. Unpublished coding manual. Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University, 1992. 115 p. 33. Crittenden P.M. Preschool assessment of attachment. Unpublished manual. Miami, Family Relation Institute, 1992–2004. 130 p.
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Main M., Solomon J. Discovery of a new, insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment patterns. Affective development in infancy. Eds M.Yogman, T.B.Brazelton. Norwood, New York, Ablex, 1986, pp. 95–125.
Main M., Solomon J. Procedure for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research and intervention. Eds M.Greenberg, D.Cicchetti, M.Cummings. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1990, pp. 121–160. 37. Solomon J., George C. The measurement of attachment security and related constructs in infancy and early childhood. Handbook of attachment. Eds J.Cassidy, P.R. Shaver. New York, The Gilford Press, 2008, pp. 383–418.
Crittenden P.M. A dynamic-maturational model of attachment. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 2006, vol. 27, pp. 105–115.
Crittenden P.M. Raising parents. Attachment, representation, and treatment. 2nd ed. London, New York, Routledge, 2016, 349 p.
Hautamäki A., Hautamäki L., Neuvonen L., Maliniemi-Piispanen S. Transmission of attachment across three generations. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2010, vol. 7, pp. 618–634.
Shah P.E., Fonagy P., Strathearn L. Exploring the mechanism of intergenerational transmission of attachment: The plot thickens. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 329–346.
Crittenden P.M., DiLalla D.L. Compulsive compliance: The development of an inhibitory coping strategy in infancy. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1988, vol. 16, pp. 585–599.
Koenig A., Cicchetti D., Rogosch F. Child compliance/noncompliance and maternal contributors to internalization in maltreating and nonmaltreating dyads. Child development, 2000, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1018–1032.
Crittenden P.M.A Guide to Expansion and Modifications of the Ainsworth Infant Strange Situation. Unpublished manual. Miami, Family Relation Institute, 2002–2016. 120 р.
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Опубликован
28.11.2018
Как цитировать
Плешкова, Н. Л. (2018). Развитие привязанности у детей от одного года до четырех лет. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Психология, 8(4), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu16.2018.407
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Прикладные исследования и практика
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Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Психология» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
