Development of attachment among children from one to four years old
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu16.2018.407Abstract
The article presents the review of research on the development of attachment among young and preschool children with the correlation between the quality of child’s attachment and mother’s sensitivity. Theoretical approaches to assessing attachment behaviour in children were also considered. These approaches have a different conceptualisation of the development of attachment strategies in children exposed to abuse and neglect in their families. There is no research data of stability and change of the attachment patterns in Russian preschoolers studied by Strange Situation Procedure. The aims of the study were to examine longitudinally the stability and change of attachment patterns in infancy and preschool age as well as to describe factors which relate to the change of the attachment patterns. 27 “mother-child” dyads took part in the study. All the children were developing normally. The Strange Situation Procedure was used to assess attachment patterns in children aged 13,3±1,6 and 32,1±9,6 months old. M.Ainsworth’s and P.Crittenden’s classification criteria were used for the evaluating of attachment patterns. Attachment classification showed instability between infancy and preschool years in 22,2% of children. The change of attachment patterns of children was related to markers of the depression in infancy as well as with daycare visits. Findings are discussed in terms of different positions in attachment theory.
Keywords:
attachment, early childhood, preschoolers, assessment of attachment
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References
Литература
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Boulbi Dzh. Priviazannost [Attachment]. Moscow, Gardarika Publ., 2003. 462 p. (In Russian)
Ainsworth M.D. S., Blehar M., Waters E., Wall S. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. New Jersey, Hillsdale, Erlbaum, 1978. 391 p.
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Belsky J. International and contextual determinants of attachment security. Handbook of Attachment. Theory, research, clinical application. Eds J.Cassidy, Ph. Shaver. New York, The Gilford Press, 1999, pp. 249–264.
Belsky J., Fearon R.M.P. Precursors of attachment security. Handbook of attachment. Eds J.Cassidy, P.R. Shaver. New York, The Gilford Press, 2008, pp. 295–316.
Goldsmith H.H., Alansky J.A. Maternal and infant temperamental predictors of attachment: A metaanalytic review. Journal or Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1987, vol. 55, pp. 805–816.
Pauli-Pott U., Haverkock A., Pott W., Beckmann D. Negative emotionality, attachment quality, and behavior problems in early childhood. Infant Mental Health Journal, 2007, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 39–53.
Vaughn B., Bost K. Attachment and temperament: redundant, independent, or interacting influence on interpersonal adaptation and personality development? Handbook Attachment. Theory, research, clinical application. Eds J.Cassidy, Ph. Shaver. New York, The Gilford Press, 1999, pp. 198–225.
van IJzendorn M., van der Veer R., van Vliet-Visser S. Attachment three years later: Relationships between infant-mother attachment and emotional-cognitive development in kindergarten. Attachment in Social networks. Eds L.Tavecchio, M. van Ijzendorn. Amsterdam, Elsiver, 1987, pp. 185–224.
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Bogolyubova O.N., Pleshkova N.L. Prior victimization, traumatic birth experience of mothers and the quality of attachment of their young children. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2013, vol. 42, p. 1227.
Pleshkova N.L., Muhamedrahimov R.J. Quality of attachment in St. Petersburg (Russian Federation): A sample of family-reared infants. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 355–362.
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Fraley R.C. Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood: Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of developmental mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2002, vol. 6, pp. 123–151.
Wartner U.G., Grossmann K., Fremmer-Bombik E., Suess G. Attachment patterns at age six in south Germany: Predictability from infancy and implications for preschool behavior. Child Development, 1994, vol. 65, pp. 1014–1027.
Spieker S., Crittenden P.M.Comparing two attachment classification methods applied to preschool strange situation. Clinical child psychology and psychiatry, 2009, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 97–120.
Sroufe L.A., Egeland B., Carlson E., Collins W.A. The Development of the Person: The Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation from Birth to Adulthood. New York, Guilford Publications, 2005. 411 p.
Thompson R.A., Raikes H.A. Toward the next quarter-century: Conceptual and methodological challenges for attachment theory. Development and Psychopathology, 2003, vol. 15, pp. 691–718.
Cassidy J., Marvin R. S., and the MacArthur Attachment Working Group. Attachment organization in preschool children: Procedures and coding manual. Unpublished coding manual. Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University, 1992. 115 p. 33. Crittenden P.M. Preschool assessment of attachment. Unpublished manual. Miami, Family Relation Institute, 1992–2004. 130 p.
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Main M., Solomon J. Discovery of a new, insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment patterns. Affective development in infancy. Eds M.Yogman, T.B.Brazelton. Norwood, New York, Ablex, 1986, pp. 95–125.
Main M., Solomon J. Procedure for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research and intervention. Eds M.Greenberg, D.Cicchetti, M.Cummings. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1990, pp. 121–160. 37. Solomon J., George C. The measurement of attachment security and related constructs in infancy and early childhood. Handbook of attachment. Eds J.Cassidy, P.R. Shaver. New York, The Gilford Press, 2008, pp. 383–418.
Crittenden P.M. A dynamic-maturational model of attachment. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 2006, vol. 27, pp. 105–115.
Crittenden P.M. Raising parents. Attachment, representation, and treatment. 2nd ed. London, New York, Routledge, 2016, 349 p.
Hautamäki A., Hautamäki L., Neuvonen L., Maliniemi-Piispanen S. Transmission of attachment across three generations. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2010, vol. 7, pp. 618–634.
Shah P.E., Fonagy P., Strathearn L. Exploring the mechanism of intergenerational transmission of attachment: The plot thickens. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 329–346.
Crittenden P.M., DiLalla D.L. Compulsive compliance: The development of an inhibitory coping strategy in infancy. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1988, vol. 16, pp. 585–599.
Koenig A., Cicchetti D., Rogosch F. Child compliance/noncompliance and maternal contributors to internalization in maltreating and nonmaltreating dyads. Child development, 2000, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1018–1032.
Crittenden P.M.A Guide to Expansion and Modifications of the Ainsworth Infant Strange Situation. Unpublished manual. Miami, Family Relation Institute, 2002–2016. 120 р.
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Published
2018-11-28
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Плешкова, Н. Л. (2018). Development of attachment among children from one to four years old. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 8(4), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu16.2018.407
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